This is half the number of attempts to guess with a 100% certainty – if a password has n bits of entropy, an attacker needs, on average, 2 n - 1 guesses. Therefore, we often take the number of guesses required to have a 50% chance of finding the password as a measure of password strength. Of course, statistically, an attacker will guess the password earlier than at the last attempt. Therefore, in principle, the greater the entropy, the better a password, at least when it comes to resisting brute force attacks. We express it in terms of bits – if a password has n bits of entropy, an attacker needs at most 2 n guesses. This measure is known as password entropy. The number of trials an adversary would need to guess your password is an excellent measure of password strength. So your only chance is to use a password that would take a very long time to guess (optimally, several millions of years). Such a method eventually would determine your password, provided that the adversary knows the set of characters from which the password consists. A brute force attack means that someone sets up a script to try all possible combinations of characters to find the password. In the context of passwords, this word signifies a measure of password strength, i.e., how effective a password is against adversaries who try to guess it or use a brute-force attack. You may have already encountered the word entropy when learning thermodynamics.
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